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【Objective】 To detect the piperacillin and amoxicillin antibodies in suspicious blood samples from pre-transfusion compatibility tests in Wuxi and analyze the general characteristics of them, so as to eliminate the interference of drug-induced antibodies with compatibility tests and provide reference for safe and effective blood transfusion, 【Methods】 Drug-sensitized RBCs and low-ion anti-globulin microcolumn gels were used to detect piperacillin and amoxicillin antibodies in 128 plasma samples which were initially undetermined in pre-transfusion compatibility tests. Data were analyzed by Chi-square test or fisher′s exact test. P<0.05 was statistically significant. 【Results】 Among these 128 undetermined samples, including 31 cases of type A, 48 type B, 14 type AB and 35 type O, the overall positive rate of piperacillin and amoxicillin antibodies was 28.9%(37/128), in which the positive rates of piperacillin and amoxicillin antibodies were 20.3%(26/128) and 8.6%(11/128), respectively. The difference between these two drug-induced antibodies was significant(P<0.05). Further analysis showed that the piperacillin antibodies in patients over 50 years old was 25.3%(24/95), while under 50 years old was 6.1%(2/33)(P<0.05). In contrast, the amoxicillin antibodies in patients over 50 years old was 5.3%(5/95), while under 50 years old was 18.2%(6/33), with statistically significant differences between each other(P<0.05). 【Conclusions】 In patients with suspicious antibodies in pre-transfusion detection, except for the allotype antibodies, drug-induced antibodies should be more considered in combination with medication history to better ensure the safety and effectiveness of blood transfusion.
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【Objective】 To establish the maximum surgical blood order schedule(MSBOS) for orthopedic surgery, as to guide the clinical blood application and reasonable blood preparation for this type of surgery. 【Methods】 The ordered and actual amount of transfused blood of orthopedic elective operations in our hospital from 2014 to 2018 were collected by the hospital information(HIS) and blood collection information software of Department of Blood Transfusion.The surgeries were classified and indices, including blood transfusion rate and per capita transfused RBC volume, were calculated, then orthopedic MSBOS was established by combining the surgical transfusion rate, per capita red blood cell infusion volume, the algorithm of MSBOS, the risk of massive hemorrhage and the actual situation of our hospital. 【Results】 A total of 3 730 cases of elective orthopedic surgery were included, and the ordered blood volume was 10 183.8 U. 1084 cases received intraoperative blood transfusion, with the total blood transfusion volume of 3 498.8 U and the blood transfusion rate at 29.1%(1 084/3 730). The blood transfusion volume of surgical patients was [1~17.5(3.21±1.89)] U/patient. MSBOS for orthopedic surgeries had been established in our hospital. According to the blood transfusion data of each surgical procedures, surgical blood ordering was divide into 2 categories: Type/Screen, Type/Screen/Crossmatch (2~8 U). 【Conclusion】 The establishment of MSBOS in Department of Blood Transfusion according to the daily blood use in orthopedic surgery is not only beneficial to guide the blood preparation for orthopedics surgery more scientifically and reasonably, but also can optimize the management of blood inventory and provide reference for the establishment of MSBOS in other blood use departments.
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OBJECTIVE: To optimize the formulation of self-microemulsion containing total saponins from Lysimachia capillipes by central composite design-response surface methodology. METHODS: Based on the study of solubility, compatibility test and ternary phase diagram, central composite design-response surface methodology was adopted to optimize the best prescription with the emulsifying time, particle size, and Zeta pontential as indexes, physicochemical properties of this self-microemulsion were also determined. RESULTS: Optimum formulation was 12.93% of ethyl oleate, 57.25% of Kolliphor RH40, 29.82% of Transcutol. The a verage particle size, polydispersity index, Zeta pontential and drug loading of self-microemulsion containing total saponins from Lysimachia capillipes were 23.0 nm, 0.160, -20.28 mV and 10.52 mg·g-1.CONCLUSION: With good predictability, this methods can be used for the formulation optimization of self-microemulsion loaded total saponins from Lysimachia capillipes.
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Objective: To study the prescription and preparation technology of tea tree oil (TTO) microemulsion gel. The quality and the stability were evaluated. Methods: The prescription and preparation technology were selected and optimized through the compatibility test and the pseudo-ternary phase diagram. TTO microemulsion gel was prepared by adding gelatin. The appearance, pH value, viscosity, moisture rate, and the drug concentration were evaluated. Results: The prescription composition of TTO microemulsion gel was TTO (0.6%), Cremophor RH-40 (1.2%), PEG 400 (0.2%), carbopol-980 (0.2%), glycerol (2%), with distilled water adding to 50 g. The optimum formulation exhibited clear and transparent, uniform exquisite, moderate viscosity, and well spreadable, with the particle diameter of (38.38 ± 2.30) nm, zeta potential of (-56.00 ± 5.82) mV, pH value of 5.52 ± 0.01, viscosity of (48 834 ± 5) Pa·s, moisture rate of (96.74 ± 0.52)%, and the drug-loaded of (5.79 ± 0.03) mg/g. The result of heat and cold resistance test showed that the preparation was needed to be stored at low-temperature. Conclusion: The preparation of TTO microemulsion gel is simple, corresponding to the main index of gelata for topical drug delivery preparation and offering the basis for further research and development.
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O estudo de filmes de Carbono tipo Diamante é objeto de pesquisas devido às suas diferentes propriedades incluindo propriedades antibacterianas. No tratamento reabilitador com implantes, podem ocorrer complicações, proporcionando a infiltração de microrganismos orais para a interface Implante-Componente protético. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar propriedades de molhabilidade e energia livre de superfície a partir dos valores do ângulo de contato; propriedades antimicrobiana, de bioadesão e citotoxicidade de discos de titânio recobertos com DLC. Escherichia coli foi mantida em meio BHI a 37ºC por 3 h e 24 h para teste antimicrobiano. Para adesão, os discos foram mantidos em cultura de E. coli por 90 minutos a 37ºC e 20 minutos em ultrassom. A capacidade de prevenção na migração de bactérias para o interior da interface Implante-Componente protético foi realizado em implantes Hexágono Externo, conectados com torque de 32N e deixados em contato com E. coli por 24h, e Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase semi-quantitativo foi realizado para confirmação da esterilidade da técnica. Foram quantificados em UFC/mL em BHI Ágar para o teste antimicrobiano, adesão e infiltração bacteriana. Para citotoxicidade foi utilizado queratinócitos humanos (HaCat) cultivados em meio DMEM mantidos em atmosfera com 5% de CO2 a 37°C e avaliados pelo teste colorimétrico MTT. Os resultados de molhabilidade, teste antimicrobiano, teste de adesão e Infiltração bacteriana não apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos. As superfícies de titânio e recobertas com DLC apresentaram uma leve diminuição na viabilidade celular com diferença estatisticamente significante ao grupo controle. O DLC apresenta-se como material biocompatível com leve grau de citotoxicidade que não modifica as propriedades de superfície, não apresenta propriedades antimicrobianas, não interfere na adesão bacteriana de E. coli e não inibem a infiltração bacteriana na interface implante-componente protético
The study of DLC films is the subject of research due to their different properties including antibacterial properties. Rehabilitator in implant treatment, complications may occur, providing the infiltration of oral microorganisms for implant- abutmente interface. The aim of this study was to evaluate properties and wetting surface free energy from the values of the contact angle; antimicrobial properties bioadhesion and cytotoxicity of titanium discs coated with DLC. Escherichia coli was maintained on BHI at 37 ° C for 3 h and 24 h for antimicrobial test. For adhesion test, the discs were maintained in culture of E. coli for 90 minutes at 37 ° C and 20 minutes inside ultrasound. The ability to prevent the migration of bacteria into the implant - abutment interface was performed in dental implants External Hexagon connected with a torque of 32N and left in contact with E. coli for 24 h , and Polymerase Chain Reaction semi -quantitative was performed to confirm the sterility of the technique. Were quantified in CFU / ml in BHI agar for antimicrobial test, bacterial adhesion and infiltration. Cytotoxicity was performed using human keratinocytes ( HaCaT ) cultured in DMEM maintained in an atmosphere of 5% CO2 at 37 ° C and evaluated by the MTT colorimetric assay. The results of wettability, antimicrobial test, adhesion test and bacterial infiltration showed no statistically significant difference between the test groups. The surfaces of titanium and coated with DLC showed a slight decrease in cell viability with a statistically significant difference to the control group. The DLC is presented as biocompatible material with mild cytotoxicity without changing the surface properties, has no antimicrobial properties, does not interfere with bacterial adherence for E. coli and do not inhibit bacterial infiltration into the implant-abutment interface
Subject(s)
Statistics, Nonparametric , Bacterial Adhesion , Escherichia coli , Dental Implants , Infiltration-PercolationABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the components adsorbability of Shuangbai Film Spraying Agent (SFSA) packaged by three types of plastic medicinal materials, and to optimize the packaging material for SFSA. Methods: SFSA was dispensed in polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), and high density polyethylene (HDPE) plastic spraying bottles and the factors influencing test and conventional sample test were carried out. The characteristics of sample solution and spraying bottles and the internal color of spraying bottles were inspected, the optimal packaging material was screened for compatibility long-term test, the wall color changes of spraying bottles were observed, and the contents of drug concentration and the bottle wall adsorption were determined by HPLC. Results: The degree of change in color after six months of the three types of drug packaging material was HDPE > PP > PET; The hardness and impact strength of PP bottle decreased. PET bottles only adsorbed small quantities of aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, emodin, and none of the other ingredients. The chrysophanol and emodin were unstable in the aqueous solution, and the contents of other indicator components of SFSA in the PET bottle were stable. Conclusion: PET is suitable to be the packaging materials of SFSA.
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PURPOSE: Because vascular access sites in neonates are limited, intravenous (IV) medications must often be mixed with maintenance fluids, including parenteral nutrient (PN) solutions. This study was done to determine whether IV medications commonly prescribed in the neonatal in- tensive care unit (NICU) are compatible with the two neonatal PN solutions. METHODS: The compatibility of neonatal PN solutions and selected other drugs during Y-site delivery was evaluated. Secondary drugs were administered at selected concentrations, rates and delivery by method commonly used at the NICU. Drugs administered by syringe pump over 30min : amikacin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, piperacillin, phenytoin, aminophylline, ceftazidime, fluconazole, indomethacin. Drugs administered by IV push : ampicillin+sulbactam, penicillin G potassium, NaHCO3, ranitidine, epinephrine, furosemide, dexamethasone. Drugs administered by IV infusion for at least 60min : acyclovir, amphotericin B, vancomycin, dobutamine, dopamine, doxapram. After each test, the Y injection site and tube below the Y injection site were visually inspected for precipitation and color change. If no particles or color change was detected, the solution was tested and analyzed by a liquid borne particle analyzer (LBPA). RESULTS: White precipitate formed immediately after Y-site administration : phenytoin, aminophylline (undiluted solution), ampicillin+sulbactam (undiluted solution). Number of particles observed with LBPA exceeded the KP guideline limit immediately after Y-site administration and white precipitate formed after 3-4 hour : ceftriaxone, NaHCO3 (1 : 2 diluted solution). CONCLUSION: These results revealed that several lV drugs prescribed in NICU formed precipitate and had a color change, when mixed with neonatal TPN solutions.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Acyclovir , Amikacin , Aminophylline , Amphotericin B , Cefotaxime , Ceftazidime , Ceftriaxone , Dexamethasone , Dobutamine , Dopamine , Doxapram , Epinephrine , Fluconazole , Furosemide , Indomethacin , Parenteral Nutrition, Total , Penicillin G , Phenytoin , Piperacillin , Ranitidine , Syringes , VancomycinABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Because vascular access sites in neonates are limited, intravenous (IV) medications must often be mixed with maintenance fluids, including parenteral nutrient (PN) solutions. This study was done to determine whether IV medications commonly prescribed in the neonatal in- tensive care unit (NICU) are compatible with the two neonatal PN solutions. METHODS: The compatibility of neonatal PN solutions and selected other drugs during Y-site delivery was evaluated. Secondary drugs were administered at selected concentrations, rates and delivery by method commonly used at the NICU. Drugs administered by syringe pump over 30min : amikacin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, piperacillin, phenytoin, aminophylline, ceftazidime, fluconazole, indomethacin. Drugs administered by IV push : ampicillin+sulbactam, penicillin G potassium, NaHCO3, ranitidine, epinephrine, furosemide, dexamethasone. Drugs administered by IV infusion for at least 60min : acyclovir, amphotericin B, vancomycin, dobutamine, dopamine, doxapram. After each test, the Y injection site and tube below the Y injection site were visually inspected for precipitation and color change. If no particles or color change was detected, the solution was tested and analyzed by a liquid borne particle analyzer (LBPA). RESULTS: White precipitate formed immediately after Y-site administration : phenytoin, aminophylline (undiluted solution), ampicillin+sulbactam (undiluted solution). Number of particles observed with LBPA exceeded the KP guideline limit immediately after Y-site administration and white precipitate formed after 3-4 hour : ceftriaxone, NaHCO3 (1 : 2 diluted solution). CONCLUSION: These results revealed that several lV drugs prescribed in NICU formed precipitate and had a color change, when mixed with neonatal TPN solutions.